Which form of energy is responsible for changes in temperature in objects and their surroundings?

Thermal energy is the correct answer because it refers to the energy that comes from the temperature of an object. When an object's thermal energy increases, its temperature also rises, while a decrease in thermal energy results in a lower temperature. This relationship means that thermal energy directly affects the temperature of objects and their surroundings, playing a key role in processes such as heating and cooling.

For example, when heat is applied to a substance, its molecules move faster, which increases the thermal energy and raises the temperature. This is why thermal energy is central to changes in temperature, making it the most relevant form of energy in this context.