What is the process of evaporation?

Evaporation is the process by which a liquid changes into a vapor or gas. This occurs when molecules in the liquid gain enough energy, often from heat, to overcome the intermolecular forces that hold them together, allowing them to escape into the air as vapor. For example, when water is heated, the temperature rises, and some molecules at the surface can break away from the liquid state and enter the gaseous state, which is what we observe as evaporation.

In contrast, condensation refers to the change of vapor back into liquid, which is not what occurs during evaporation. The solidification of liquids into solids describes freezing, while saturation of air with moisture involves humidity and can occur only after evaporation has taken place. Therefore, the transformation of liquid into vapor is the accurate description of evaporation, making it the correct answer.