What is the method of heat or electricity transfer that primarily occurs in solid objects?

The method of heat transfer that primarily occurs in solid objects is conduction. This process involves the transfer of thermal energy through direct contact between molecules within a solid. When one part of a solid object is heated, the molecules in that area gain energy and vibrate more vigorously. These energetic vibrations are passed along to neighboring molecules, allowing heat to move from the hot part of the material to the cooler part.

Conduction is most effective in solids because their closely packed molecules can easily transfer energy through direct contact. This is why metals, which are excellent conductors, feel hot quickly when heated. In contrast, convection refers to the transfer of heat through fluids (liquids and gases) due to the movement of the fluid itself, while radiation involves the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves and does not require a medium, meaning it can occur in a vacuum. Insulation refers to materials that reduce the rate of heat transfer, rather than a method of energy transfer by itself.