What is an adaptation?

An adaptation is defined as a trait that enhances the survival of an organism in its environment. These traits can be physical, behavioral, or physiological changes that have developed over time through the process of evolution. For example, the long neck of a giraffe allows it to reach high leaves in trees, which provides it with food that other animals cannot access. These adaptations increase the chances of survival and reproduction for the organism in its specific habitat, making them crucial for the study of biology and ecology.

The other options do not accurately define what an adaptation is. A temporary change during a season relates more to seasonal behaviors rather than permanent traits. A behavior learned from other organisms refers to learned behaviors rather than inherited traits. A random change in an organism’s DNA denotes a mutation, which does not specifically imply that the change will be beneficial for survival. Therefore, the essence of adaptation is clearly captured by the correct choice, highlighting the importance of traits that improve an organism's ability to thrive in its environment.